Moving from principles to action for energy supply that mitigates against climate change requires a long-term perspective. Energy infrastructure takes time to build up; new energy technologies take time to develop. Policy shifts often also need many years to take effect. In most world regions the transformation from fossil to renewable energies will require additional investment and higher supply costs over about twenty years
Whilst emissions of CO2 will increase by 11% under the Reference Scenario, under the Energy [R]evolution Scenario they will decrease from 2,380 million tonnes in 2005 to 540 m/t in 2050. Annual per capita emissions will drop from 7.0 tonnes to 1.8 t. In spite of the phasing out of nuclear energy and increasing demand, CO2 emissions will decrease in the electricity sector.
