heat and cooling supply
Renewables currently provide only 1% of primary energy demand for heat and cooling in the Middle East, the main contribution coming from the use of biomass and solar collectors. Dedicated support instruments are required to ensure a continuously dynamic development of renewables in the heat market.
In the Energy [R]evolution Scenario, renewables satisfy 83% of the Middle East’s total heating and cooling demand in 2050.
- Energy efficiency measures can restrict the future primary energy demand for heat and cooling supply to a doubling rather than tripling, in spite of improving living standards.
- In the industry sector solar collectors, biomass/biogas as well as geothermal energy are increasingly substituting for conventional fossil-fired heating systems.

