Whilst South Africa’s emissions of CO2 will almost double under the Reference scenario, under the Energy [R]evolution scenario they will decrease from 319 million tonnes in 2005 to 130 m/t in 2050. Annual per capita emissions will drop from 6.7 tonnes to 2.3 t. In spite of increasing demand, CO2 emissions will decrease in the electricity sector. In the long run efficiency gains and the increased use of renewable electricity in vehicles will even reduce CO2 emissions in the transport sector. The power sector will maintain the role as the largest sources of CO2 emissions in South Africa, with a share of 50% of total CO2 emissions in 2050.

According to latest scientific findings, further emissions reductions may be necessary. These would require the further development of currently less developed renewable energy sources, such as ocean energy, and further efficiency measures. This will require further research and development funding, as well as bold political measures. At the same time, lifestyle and behaviour changes could become increasingly important. To complement these savings in the energy sector, further reductions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions have to be achieved through the phase-out of fluorinated gases, a strict stop on deforestation and the increase of the natural carbon sequestration potential by forests and soils, for example by the regeneration of forests and sustainable farming practices.